Conservation efforts have increased population of megafaunal species such as tigers, rhinos, elephants, etc., particularly in the lowland protected areas of Nepal. Consequently, incidents of human wildlife conflict (HWC), including human casualties and injuries, livestock depredation, crop damage and property damage, have increased in the buffer zone areas. Due to farm-based livelihoods, forest dependency and proximity to forest and megafauna, the buffer zone farmers and their livestock are at risk of wildlife attacks. Information on how the occurrence of incidents have changed over time and across different sites, which is currently lacking, is very important to know, and will help to address the critical problem of buffer zone communities. Thus, I aim to identify the spatio-temporal patterns of different HWC incidents over the last 10 years (2011-2021) and incurred monetary value of losses in buffer zones of Chitwan and Bardia National Parks of Nepal. It has been reported that humans are mostly attacked by tigers, rhinos, and wild elephants, while livestock are usually attacked by tigers and leopards in Terai Nepal. Also, wildlife attacks vary across sites with different environmental characteristics, so through this Rufford Project I will determine the fine-scale landscape predictors (bio-physical and social variables) associated with livestock depredation events that had occurred during last three years period (2019-2021).