Febrina Artauli Siahaan
Rafflesia zollingeriana, an endemic species to East Java, has been found in four locations: Meru Betiri National Park, Jember, Lumajang, and the latest discovery in Banyuwangi in 2021. In its natural habitat, Rafflesia exhibits a very low population size, slow growth rate and high mortality rates, with the flowers potentially dying at any stage. Moreover, the habitat of Rafflesia generally deteriorates over time due to various factors, primarily human activities. R. zollingeriana is a root and stem holoparasite, primarily attaching to the roots of its host, Tetrastigma spp., where it completes most of its lifecycle. Currently, there is a lack of information regarding the microbiotic factors influencing the population dynamics of R. zollingeriana and its host species. Most research on plant-microbe interactions has focused on terrestrial plants, with limited studies on the microbial communities associated with parasitic plants, particularly Rafflesia. To date, no research has been conducted on the soil microbiome of Rafflesia in Indonesia.
A rotten flower and a fresh blooming R. zollingeriana in the natural habitat. ©Febrina Artauli Siahaan / BRIN & Yayasan Botani Tropika Indonesia.
Our project aims to investigate the soil microbial communities associated with R. zollingeriana, focusing on their diversity and functional roles. Specifically, we seek to understand how these microbial communities influence the growth, interactions, lifecycle, and distribution of R. zollingeriana in its natural habitat. By examining the complex interactions between this holoparasite, its host, and the surrounding microbial environment, we aim to advance research on R. zollingeriana. This project will provide insights into how microbial interactions affect the stability of ecosystems supporting R. zollingeriana. Such understanding is critical for addressing high mortality rates of this species and ensuring favorable conditions for its survival. The result will contribute to conservation efforts by emphasizing the need to protect not only the holoparasite and its host but also the habitat where they thrive. Additionally, we will conduct an educational campaign, both directly and through social media, to raise awareness and build support for the conservation of Rafflesia zollingeriana and its habitat.
Male flower of R.zollingeriana_Febrina Artauli Siahaan. ©Febrina Artauli Siahaan / BRIN & Yayasan Botani Tropika Indonesia.