The Government of Nepal protects the country’s endangered flora and fauna through legislation and there are 39 various animals in the protected lists. Blue bull is an important wildlife species, but is not a protected species. The population is small, lives in the fringe areas of forests and more often encounters with local communities. The Government of Nepal has established protected areas for the conservation of endangered flora and fauna but are being depleted day by day due to over-exploitation, pollution, habitat destruction, poaching and human and livestock pressure in their habitat the population of Blue bull has been declining at a higher rate over these years in Nepal. Therefore, conservation of Blue bull is a national and global concern. The population of Blue bull is declining from the Terai area due to hunting and habitat destruction but not enough studies have been carried out to understand the population trends. The forest habitats of the Indo-Nepal trans border are capable of providing shelter to a number of wild species, including blue bulls. A well-coordinated conservation and protection plan is essential to ensure that these habitats continue to extend in this important landscape of the Himalayas.

In Nepal, protected areas are not big enough to sustain the wild population. We understand that landscape approach allows better ecosystem integrity and stability within trans-boundary conservation. The Terai Arc Landscape is one of the tiger landscapes and it links to the Indo-Nepal border and allows for the movement of people and animals that is not impeded by fences or walls. India and Nepal’s ‘open’ border arrangement provides significant opportunities and challenges for the co-ordinate conservation of the wildlife. Aim of the study will be to investigate the human blue bull conflict, issues of forest fire, grazing and flood damage as well as the mapping of major blue bull hot spots in the corridor and connectivity of the western region of Nepal. It will help to categorize habitat suitability for the species and to predict the level of disturbance and succession within these habitats. This work will support to identify opportunities and challenges for trans-boundary conservation and make specific recommendations for future policy, planning and action.