Yellowfin tuna is one of the ocean’s most important apex predators with unique biology and physiology. The tunas put significant pressure on the surface (0-650m) and mid-water (650-3300m) pelagic prey species. Importantly, tuna fisheries provide essential value to communities throughout the tropics, with species such as yellowfin, bigeye, and skipjack among the world's most valuable fish. Knowing life history strategies and stock structure is vital for understanding tuna populations' resilience to human fishing pressure and climate change. Understanding critical components like migrations, population structure, growth rates, sexual maturity, and spawning areas is crucial for evaluating population dynamics and the connectivity of yellowfin tuna populations, reducing uncertainty in stock assessments, and improving management measures.